Product successfully added to your shopping cart
Quantity
Total
There are 0 items in your cart. There is 1 item in your cart.
Total products (tax incl.)
Total shipping (tax incl.) To be determined
Tax 0,00 €
Total (tax incl.)
Continue shopping Proceed to checkout
SECURE PAYMENT FAST DELIVERY 10 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE
Menu
- Home
- Lundahl transformers
- Lundahl Tube output
- Lundahl Moving coil input
- Lundahl Input and DC-free line output application
- Lundahl Anode chokes, interstage and line output
- Lundahl Mains transformers
- Lundahl Chokes for tube amp power supply or filament current supply
- Lundahl General purpose
- Lundahl Microphone transformers
- Lundahl Line input
- Lundahl Line output transformers
- Lundahl Problem solvers
- Lundahl Digital Audio
- Lundahl Transformers for telephone hybrids, for 100V PA systems
- Lundahl Video transformers
- Lundahl Metal Housings
- Lundahl Amorphous core output transformers
- Lundahl other audiophile type transformers
- Capacitors
- Mundorf ECap
- Mundorf MCap
- Mundorf MCap RXF
- Mundorf MCap ZN
- Mundorf MCap SUPREME
- Mundorf MEAI
- Mundorf MEAIO
- Mundorf MESGO
- Mundorf MCap SUPREME silver/oil
- Mundorf MCap SUPREME silver/gold
- Mundorf MCap SUPREME silver/gold/oil
- Mundorf TubeCap
- Mundorf MLytic HV
- Mundorf MLytic AG
- Mundorf MLytyc HC
- Auricap XO
- Jantzen Audio MKT Cap
- Jantzen Audio Cross Cap
- Jantzen Audio Standard Z-Cap
- Jantzen Audio Superior Z-Cap
- Jantzen Audio Silver Z-Cap
- Jantzen Audio Copper Foil Amber Z-Cap
- Jantzen Audio Alumen Z-Cap
- Jantzen Audio SilverGold Z-cap
- Rike Audio S-cap Paper in Oil
- Mundorf Mlytic HC+ (4-pole)
- Mundorf MLytiv HV+ (4-Pin High Voltage Power Cap)
- Mundorf MCap SUPREME EVO
- Mundorf MCap SUPREME EVO Oil
- Mundorf MCap SUPREME EVO SilverGold
- Mundorf MCap SUPREME EVO SilverGold Oil
- Mundorf MLytic AG+
- RIKE Audio Q-Cap Copper Oil Polypropylen Capacitors
- RIKE Audio Oil-Paper-Capacitors - S-Cap 2
- Rike Audio Q-CAP2 PIO Copper Paper Oil capacitors
- Miflex Audio Capacitors
- Coils
- Mundorf M-Coil
- Mundorf M-Coil BV
- Mundorf M-Coil VL
- Mundorf MCoil VNCU ZeroOhm (resin-soaked)
- Mundorf M-Coil LL Hepta Strand
- Mundorf M-Coil CF
- Mundorf M-Coil transformer-core
- Mundorf M-Coil CF transformer-core
- Mundorf M-Coil BV transformer-core
- MCoil VT transformer-core vacuum impregnated
- Mundorf M-Coil CF i-core
- Mundorf M-Coil BV i-core
- Mundorf M-Coil drum-core
- Mundorf M-Coil drum-core BV
- Mundorf M-Coil pin-core
- Mundorf M-Coil rod-core
- Mundorf M-Coil BV rod-core
- Mundorf M-Coil CF rod-core
- Mundorf M-Coil zero-ohm
- Mundorf M-Coil CF silver
- Mundorf M-Coil silver/gold
- Jantzen Air Cored Wire Coil
- Jantzen 13AWG 1,8mm Air Core Coils
- Jantzen 14AWG 1,6mm Air Core Coils
- Jantzen 15AWG 1,4mm Air Core Coils
- Jantzen 17AWG 1,2mm Air Core Coils
- Jantzen 18AWG 1,0mm Air Core Coils
- Jantzen 20AWG 0,8mm Air Core Coils
- Jantzen 21AWG 0,7mm Air Core Coils
- Jantzen 22AWG 0,63mm Air Core Coils
- Jantzen 24AWG 0,5mm Air Core Coils
- Jantzen 26AWG 0,4mm Air Core Coils
- Jantzen 29AWG 0,3mm Air Core Coils
- Jantzen Audio Wax Coil
- Jantzen Iron Cored Coils With Discs
- Jantzen 13AWG 1,8mm Iron Cored Coils with Discs
- Jantzen 14AWG 1,6mm Iron Cored Coils with Discs
- Jantzen 15AWG 1,4mm Iron Cored Coils with Discs
- Jantzen 17AWG 1,2mm Iron Cored Coils with Discs
- Jantzen 18AWG 1mm Iron Cored Coils with Discs
- Jantzen 20AWG 0,8mm Iron Cored Coils with Discs
- Jantzen 21AWG 0,7mm Iron Cored Coils with Discs
- Jantzen 22AWG 0,63mm Iron Cored Coils with Discs
- Jantzen 24AWG 0,5mm Iron Cored Coils with Discs
- Jantzen 26AWG 0,4mm Iron Cored Coils with Discs
- Jantzen 29AWG 0,3mm Iron Cored Coils with Discs
- Jantzen C-Coil - Toroidal Core
- Jantzen Audio Cross Coil
- Jantzen Audio Iron Coil
- Jantzen Audio Iron Coil 13AWG
- Jantzen Audio Iron Coil 14AWG
- Jantzen Audio Iron Coil 15AWG
- Jantzen Audio Iron Coil 17AWG
- Jantzen Audio Iron Coil 18AWG
- Jantzen Audio Iron Coil 20AWG
- Jantzen Audio Iron Coil 21AWG
- Jantzen Audio Iron Coil 22AWG
- Jantzen Audio Iron Coil 24AWG
- Jantzen Audio Iron Coil 26AWG
- Jantzen Audio Iron Coil 29AWG
- Jantzen Audio Litz Wire Wax Coil
- Mundorf MCoil VLCU
- Mundorf MCoil VSCU
- Mundorf MCoil VS iCore (resin-soaked)
- Parts for x-over assembling
- Resistors
- Solder
- Wires, plugs, terminals and more
- Interconnect Cable
- Speaker Cable
- Power Cable
- Phono & Tonarm cables
- Hook up Wire
- DH-Labs connectors
- WBT Connectors
- Mundorf M-Connect LS plugs
- Mundorf M-Connect terminals
- Mundorf M-Connect CF
- Mundorf M-Connect silver/gold SGW
- Mundorf M-Connect NF Plugs
- Jantzen Speaker Terminals
- Jantzen Port Tubes
- Damping Materials
- Waveguides and adapters
- Speaker Spikes
- Jantzen audio cables
- Wattgate Power Connectors
- Speaker grill cloth
- Headphone cable and connectors
- Heatshrinks, braided sleves for DIY cable
- Speaker jumpers and terminal bridges
- Speaker building accessories
- Kimber Kable
- Kimber Interconnect
- Kimber Analog Interconnects
- Kimber TIMBRE Base Series Analog Interconnect
- Kimber HERO Ascent Series Analog Interconnect
- Kimber HERO AG Classic Series Analog Interconnect
- Kimber HERO HB Classic Analog Interconnect
- Kimber SILVER STREAK Summit Series Analog Interconnect
- Kimber CQ-MINI Specialty Series Analog Interconnect
- Kimber PBJ Classic Series Analog Interconnect
- Kimber KCAG Classic Series Analog Interconnect
- Kimber KCTG Classic Series Analog Interconnect
- Kimber KS1000 Series, Select Series Analog Interconnects
- Kimber KS1100 Series, Select Series Analog Interconnects
- Kimber TONIK Classic Series Analog Interconnects
- Kimber Digital SPDIF interconnects
- Kimber AES/EBU Cable
- Kimber Toslink Cable
- Kimber USB Cable
- Kimber video and HDMI Cable
- Kimber Tonearm/Phono Cable
- Kimber Subwoofer Cable
- Kimber Analog Interconnects
- Kimber Power Kord
- Kimber Loudspeaker
- Kimber Loudspeaker cable
- Kimber VS, Base Series Speaker Cables
- Kimber PR Series, Classic Series Speaker Cables
- Kimber TC, Ascent Series Speaker Cables
- Kimber Monocle, Summit Series Speaker Cables
- Kimber Bifocal, Summit Series Speaker Cables
- Kimber Trifocal, Summit Series Speaker Cables
- Kimber KS3000, Select Series Speaker Cables
- Kimber KS6000, Select Series Speaker Cables
- Kimber Loudspeaker Cable Jumpers
- Kimber In-Wall Loudspeaker Cable
- Kimber Loudspeaker cable
- Kimber bulk conductor wire
- Kimber connectors
- Kimber Interconnect
- Furutech
- ETI Research connectors
- Oyaide
- RCA Sockets
- AudioQuest
- AudioQuest DAC
- AudioQuest USB Extenders and Adaptors
- AudioQuest Power Cables
- AudioQuest Power Conditioners
- AudioQuest Accessories
- AudioQuest Speaker Cables
- AudioQuest Audio Interconnect Cables
- AudioQuest Subwoofer Cables
- AudioQuest Tonearm Cables
- AudioQuest Turntable Cables
- AudioQuest Vinyl and Headphone Accessories
- AudioQuest HDMI Cables
- AudioQuest USB Cables
- AudioQuest Optical Cables
- AudioQuest Digital Coax Cables
- AudioQuest AES/EBU (Balanced) Cables
- AudioQuest Ethernet Cables (RJ/E)
- AudioQuest SureGrip® Speaker Connectors
- AudioQuest CL3/FT4 In-Wall Rated Bulk Audio Interconnect Cables & Plugs
- AudioQuest Spade, Pin, and Banana Connectors
- AudioQuest Instant Tool-less Connectors (ITC) for Analog-Audio, Mini-Coax, and RG6 Cables on Spools
- AudioQuest CL3/FT4 In-Wall Rated Bulk Speaker Cables
- AudioQuest Bulk Speaker Cables — Not In-Wall Rated
- AudioQuest CL3/FT4 In-Wall Rated Bulk CAT6 and CAT7 Ethernet Cables & Plugs
- Nordost
- Nordost power cords
- Nordost analog Interconnects
- Nordost subwoofer cables
- Nordost iKables
- Nordost BLUE HEAVEN headphone cables
- Nordost Ethernet-HDMI-4K-USB
- Nordost digital Interconnects
- Nordost tonearm cables
- Nordost speaker cables
- Nordost QRT – Audio Enhancers
- Nordost Sort Systems – Resonance Control
- Nordost Bulk-Specialty
- Nordost Accessories-Apparel
- Audience AV
- Power supply cables/accessories
- Kits, DIY and Loudspeaker upgrade kits
- Speaker Drivers
- Tweeters
- Midrange Drivers
- Fullrange
- Coaxial Drivers
- Midwoofer Drivers
- Woofers
- Passive Radiators
- Subwoofers
- Car Audio drivers
- Scan-Speak Discovery
- Scan-Speak Classic
- Scan-Speak Revelator
- Scan-Speak Illuminator
- Seas Prestige
- Seas Excel
- Seas Exotic
- Seas Lotus
- Design by SEAS
- SB Acoustics
- SB Acoustics Tweeters
- SB Acoustics Midrange
- SB Acoustics Midwoofer
- SB Acoustics Woofers
- SB Acoustics Passive radiators
- SB Acoustics Subwoofer
- SB Acoustics Satori
- Accuton
- Audiotechnology
- Mundorf Hi-Fi AMT U Series tweeters
- Speaker driver accessories
- Monitor Audio
- Loudspeakers
- Metrum Acoustics DACs
- Soldering and termination services
- Soundcare spikes
- Hi-Fi and Hi-End equipment
- Mediaplayers
- Amplifiers
- Speakers
- Vinyl Players
- Earthequake Sound Home Audio
- Earthequake Sound Car Audio
- Earthequake Sound Gaming Audio
- Earthequake Sound Pro Audio
- Sonnet digital audio
- Power conditioners and distributers
- Streamers
- Portable headphone amplifiers
- Fuses and fuse holders
- Headphone Amplifiers
- DACs
- CD/SACD-players
- Plate amplifiers, modules, power supplies
- DIY Amplifier modules
- DSP devices
- Services
- Lundahl transformers
- Capacitors
- Mundorf ECap
- Mundorf MCap
- Mundorf MCap RXF
- Mundorf MCap ZN
- Mundorf MCap SUPREME
- Mundorf MEAI
- Mundorf MEAIO
- Mundorf MESGO
- Mundorf MCap SUPREME silver/oil
- Mundorf MCap SUPREME silver/gold
- Mundorf MCap SUPREME silver/gold/oil
- Mundorf TubeCap
- Mundorf MLytic HV
- Mundorf MLytic AG
- Mundorf MLytyc HC
- Auricap XO
- Jantzen Audio MKT Cap
- Jantzen Audio Cross Cap
- Jantzen Audio Standard Z-Cap
- Jantzen Audio Superior Z-Cap
- Jantzen Audio Silver Z-Cap
- Jantzen Audio Copper Foil Amber Z-Cap
- Jantzen Audio Alumen Z-Cap
- Jantzen Audio SilverGold Z-cap
- Rike Audio S-cap Paper in Oil
- Mundorf Mlytic HC+ (4-pole)
- Mundorf MLytiv HV+ (4-Pin High Voltage Power Cap)
- Mundorf MCap SUPREME EVO
- Mundorf MCap SUPREME EVO Oil
- Mundorf MCap SUPREME EVO SilverGold
- Mundorf MCap SUPREME EVO SilverGold Oil
- Mundorf MLytic AG+
- RIKE Audio Q-Cap Copper Oil Polypropylen Capacitors
- RIKE Audio Oil-Paper-Capacitors - S-Cap 2
- Rike Audio Q-CAP2 PIO Copper Paper Oil capacitors
- Miflex Audio Capacitors
- Coils
- Mundorf M-Coil
- Mundorf M-Coil BV
- Mundorf M-Coil VL
- Mundorf MCoil VNCU ZeroOhm (resin-soaked)
- Mundorf M-Coil LL Hepta Strand
- Mundorf M-Coil CF
- Mundorf M-Coil transformer-core
- Mundorf M-Coil CF transformer-core
- Mundorf M-Coil BV transformer-core
- MCoil VT transformer-core vacuum impregnated
- Mundorf M-Coil CF i-core
- Mundorf M-Coil BV i-core
- Mundorf M-Coil drum-core
- Mundorf M-Coil drum-core BV
- Mundorf M-Coil pin-core
- Mundorf M-Coil rod-core
- Mundorf M-Coil BV rod-core
- Mundorf M-Coil CF rod-core
- Mundorf M-Coil zero-ohm
- Mundorf M-Coil CF silver
- Mundorf M-Coil silver/gold
- Jantzen Air Cored Wire Coil
- Jantzen 13AWG 1,8mm Air Core Coils
- Jantzen 14AWG 1,6mm Air Core Coils
- Jantzen 15AWG 1,4mm Air Core Coils
- Jantzen 17AWG 1,2mm Air Core Coils
- Jantzen 18AWG 1,0mm Air Core Coils
- Jantzen 20AWG 0,8mm Air Core Coils
- Jantzen 21AWG 0,7mm Air Core Coils
- Jantzen 22AWG 0,63mm Air Core Coils
- Jantzen 24AWG 0,5mm Air Core Coils
- Jantzen 26AWG 0,4mm Air Core Coils
- Jantzen 29AWG 0,3mm Air Core Coils
- Jantzen Audio Wax Coil
- Jantzen Iron Cored Coils With Discs
- Jantzen 13AWG 1,8mm Iron Cored Coils with Discs
- Jantzen 14AWG 1,6mm Iron Cored Coils with Discs
- Jantzen 15AWG 1,4mm Iron Cored Coils with Discs
- Jantzen 17AWG 1,2mm Iron Cored Coils with Discs
- Jantzen 18AWG 1mm Iron Cored Coils with Discs
- Jantzen 20AWG 0,8mm Iron Cored Coils with Discs
- Jantzen 21AWG 0,7mm Iron Cored Coils with Discs
- Jantzen 22AWG 0,63mm Iron Cored Coils with Discs
- Jantzen 24AWG 0,5mm Iron Cored Coils with Discs
- Jantzen 26AWG 0,4mm Iron Cored Coils with Discs
- Jantzen 29AWG 0,3mm Iron Cored Coils with Discs
- Jantzen C-Coil - Toroidal Core
- Jantzen Audio Cross Coil
- Jantzen Audio Iron Coil
- Jantzen Audio Iron Coil 13AWG
- Jantzen Audio Iron Coil 14AWG
- Jantzen Audio Iron Coil 15AWG
- Jantzen Audio Iron Coil 17AWG
- Jantzen Audio Iron Coil 18AWG
- Jantzen Audio Iron Coil 20AWG
- Jantzen Audio Iron Coil 21AWG
- Jantzen Audio Iron Coil 22AWG
- Jantzen Audio Iron Coil 24AWG
- Jantzen Audio Iron Coil 26AWG
- Jantzen Audio Iron Coil 29AWG
- Jantzen Audio Litz Wire Wax Coil
- Mundorf MCoil VLCU
- Mundorf MCoil VSCU
- Mundorf MCoil VS iCore (resin-soaked)
- Solder
- Wires, plugs, terminals and more
- Interconnect Cable
- Speaker Cable
- Power Cable
- Phono & Tonarm cables
- Hook up Wire
- DH-Labs connectors
- WBT Connectors
- Mundorf M-Connect LS plugs
- Mundorf M-Connect terminals
- Mundorf M-Connect CF
- Mundorf M-Connect silver/gold SGW
- Mundorf M-Connect NF Plugs
- Jantzen Speaker Terminals
- Jantzen Port Tubes
- Damping Materials
- Waveguides and adapters
- Speaker Spikes
- Jantzen audio cables
- Wattgate Power Connectors
- Speaker grill cloth
- Headphone cable and connectors
- Heatshrinks, braided sleves for DIY cable
- Speaker jumpers and terminal bridges
- Speaker building accessories
- Kimber Kable
- Kimber Interconnect
- Kimber Analog Interconnects
- Kimber TIMBRE Base Series Analog Interconnect
- Kimber HERO Ascent Series Analog Interconnect
- Kimber HERO AG Classic Series Analog Interconnect
- Kimber HERO HB Classic Analog Interconnect
- Kimber SILVER STREAK Summit Series Analog Interconnect
- Kimber CQ-MINI Specialty Series Analog Interconnect
- Kimber PBJ Classic Series Analog Interconnect
- Kimber KCAG Classic Series Analog Interconnect
- Kimber KCTG Classic Series Analog Interconnect
- Kimber KS1000 Series, Select Series Analog Interconnects
- Kimber KS1100 Series, Select Series Analog Interconnects
- Kimber TONIK Classic Series Analog Interconnects
- Kimber Digital SPDIF interconnects
- Kimber AES/EBU Cable
- Kimber Toslink Cable
- Kimber USB Cable
- Kimber video and HDMI Cable
- Kimber Tonearm/Phono Cable
- Kimber Subwoofer Cable
- Kimber Analog Interconnects
- Kimber Power Kord
- Kimber Loudspeaker
- Kimber Loudspeaker cable
- Kimber VS, Base Series Speaker Cables
- Kimber PR Series, Classic Series Speaker Cables
- Kimber TC, Ascent Series Speaker Cables
- Kimber Monocle, Summit Series Speaker Cables
- Kimber Bifocal, Summit Series Speaker Cables
- Kimber Trifocal, Summit Series Speaker Cables
- Kimber KS3000, Select Series Speaker Cables
- Kimber KS6000, Select Series Speaker Cables
- Kimber Loudspeaker Cable Jumpers
- Kimber In-Wall Loudspeaker Cable
- Kimber Loudspeaker cable
- Kimber bulk conductor wire
- Kimber connectors
- Kimber Interconnect
- Furutech
- ETI Research connectors
- Oyaide
- RCA Sockets
- AudioQuest
- AudioQuest DAC
- AudioQuest USB Extenders and Adaptors
- AudioQuest Power Cables
- AudioQuest Power Conditioners
- AudioQuest Accessories
- AudioQuest Speaker Cables
- AudioQuest Audio Interconnect Cables
- AudioQuest Subwoofer Cables
- AudioQuest Tonearm Cables
- AudioQuest Turntable Cables
- AudioQuest Vinyl and Headphone Accessories
- AudioQuest HDMI Cables
- AudioQuest USB Cables
- AudioQuest Optical Cables
- AudioQuest Digital Coax Cables
- AudioQuest AES/EBU (Balanced) Cables
- AudioQuest Ethernet Cables (RJ/E)
- AudioQuest SureGrip® Speaker Connectors
- AudioQuest CL3/FT4 In-Wall Rated Bulk Audio Interconnect Cables & Plugs
- AudioQuest Spade, Pin, and Banana Connectors
- AudioQuest Instant Tool-less Connectors (ITC) for Analog-Audio, Mini-Coax, and RG6 Cables on Spools
- AudioQuest CL3/FT4 In-Wall Rated Bulk Speaker Cables
- AudioQuest Bulk Speaker Cables — Not In-Wall Rated
- AudioQuest CL3/FT4 In-Wall Rated Bulk CAT6 and CAT7 Ethernet Cables & Plugs
- Nordost
- Nordost power cords
- Nordost analog Interconnects
- Nordost subwoofer cables
- Nordost iKables
- Nordost BLUE HEAVEN headphone cables
- Nordost Ethernet-HDMI-4K-USB
- Nordost digital Interconnects
- Nordost tonearm cables
- Nordost speaker cables
- Nordost QRT – Audio Enhancers
- Nordost Sort Systems – Resonance Control
- Nordost Bulk-Specialty
- Nordost Accessories-Apparel
- Audience AV
- Power supply cables/accessories
- Speaker Drivers
- Tweeters
- Midrange Drivers
- Fullrange
- Coaxial Drivers
- Midwoofer Drivers
- Woofers
- Passive Radiators
- Subwoofers
- Car Audio drivers
- Scan-Speak Discovery
- Scan-Speak Classic
- Scan-Speak Revelator
- Scan-Speak Illuminator
- Seas Prestige
- Seas Excel
- Seas Exotic
- Seas Lotus
- Design by SEAS
- SB Acoustics
- SB Acoustics Tweeters
- SB Acoustics Midrange
- SB Acoustics Midwoofer
- SB Acoustics Woofers
- SB Acoustics Passive radiators
- SB Acoustics Subwoofer
- SB Acoustics Satori
- Accuton
- Audiotechnology
- Mundorf Hi-Fi AMT U Series tweeters
- Speaker driver accessories
- Monitor Audio
- Kits, DIY and Loudspeaker upgrade kits
SB Acoustics 5" Satori midrange Natural White, MR13PNW-4
MR13PNW-4
New
SB Acoustics 5" Satori midrange Natural White, MR13PNW-4
Warning: Last items in stock!
Availability date:
More info
SB Acoustics 5" Satori midrange Natural White, MR13PNW-4
Special Features
- Vented aerodynamic cast aluminium chassis for optimum strength and low compression.
- Proprietary cone material with EGYPTIAN PAPYRUS™ fibres made in-house.
- Soft low damping rubber surround for optimum transient response.
- Advanced BIMAX spider for improved linearity.
- Powerful optimized low distortion neodymium motor system.
- Non-conducting fibre glass voice coil former for minimum damping.
- Extended copper sleeve on pole piece for low inductance and reduced distortion.
- CCAW voice coil for reduced moving mass.
- Long life silver lead wires attached 180° apart for improved stability.
- Vented pole piece and coil former for reduced compression.
- High piston to chassis diameter ratio.
- Gasket and bolt hole protrusions for reduced coupling to speaker cabinet.
Specifications:
| Nominal Impedance | 4 Ω | Free air resonance, Fs | 41 Hz |
| DC resistance, Re | 3.3 Ω | Sensitivity (2.83 V/1m) | 91 dB |
| Voice coil inductance, Le | 0.11 mH | Mechanical Q-factor, Qms | 2.8 |
| Effective piston area, Sd | 70 cm2 | Electrical Q-factor, Qes | 0.25 |
| Voice coil diameter | 30.5 mm | Total Q-factor, Qts | 0.23 |
| Voice coil height | 11 mm | Moving mass incl. air, Mms | 5.4 g |
| Air gap height | 5 mm | Force factor, Bl | 4.3 Tm |
| Linear coil travel (p-p) | 6 mm | Equivalent volume, Vas | 19.4 liters |
| Magnetic flux density | 1.08 T | Compliance, Cms | 2.79 mm/N |
| Magnet weight | 0.1 kg | Mechanical loss, Rms | 0.5 kg/s |
| Net weight | 0.78 kg | Rated power handling* | 30 W |
| * IEC 268-5, high-pass Butterworth, 200 Hz, 12 dB/oct. | |||
Reviews
No customer reviews for the moment.
